Table 19.1 Some examples of components of microemulsion/nanoemulsion used for herbal drug

delivery

Oils

Surfactant/

cosurfactant

Concentration

Application

References

Cassia oil

Tween

20, ethanol

Cassia

oil/ethanol/

Tween 20 (1:

3:6)

Antifungal

activity

Xu et al. (2012)

Clove oil

Tween 20

Clove

oil/Tween

20/water (5:

30:65)

Antiparasitic

activity

Gupta et al. (2005)

Neem oil

Tween

80, sodium

dodecyl

benzene

sulfonate, and

hexyl alcohol

Neem

oil/emulsifiers/

water (1:3.5:

5.5)

Antiparasitic

activity

Xu et al. (2010)

Origanum

vulgare

essential oil

Tween

60, butylene

glycol

Oil/Tween

60/butylene

glycol/water

(5:25:25:45)

Anti-

inflammatory

property

Laothaweerungsawat

et al. (2020)

Artemisinin

loaded in a

eutectic oil

mixture of

lidocaine and

ibuprofen

Tween

80, Span

20, and

ethanol in a

ratio of 1:1:1

1% of

artemisinin

loaded in oil

phase;

oil/surfactant/

water (1:4.5:

4.5)

Transdermal

delivery

system

Zhang et al. (2020)

Curcumin in

vitamin E oil

Tween 20 and

ethanol

Vitamin

E/Tween

20/ethanol/

water (3.3:

53.8:6.6:36.3)

Improved

solubility,

stability, and

oral

availability

Bergonzi et al. (2014)

Piperine

solubilized in

Capryol 90

Cremophor

RH 40, Tween

80, and

Transcutol HP

o/w emulsion:

Capryol

90/Smix/water

(32:34:34)

w/o emulsion:

Capryol

90/Smix/water

(64:27:9)

Oral delivery

of piperine for

the treatment

of

Alzheimer’s

disease

Etman et al. (2018)

Berberine in

oleic acid

Tween

80, PEG 400

Oleic acid/

Tween 80/PEG

400/water (15:

17:17:51)

Oral drug

delivery

system

Gui et al. (2008)

Capsaicin

solubilized in

medium-chain

triglycerides

(MCT)

Cremophor

EL, ethanol

MCT/

Cremophor

EL/ethanol/

water (1.0:7.2:

1.8:20.5)

Enhanced oral

bioavailability

Zhu et al. (2015)

(continued)

356

S. Sharma et al.